Synthetic Man-made Fibres

The base materials for synthetic man-made fibres are derivatives of crude oil or coal, from which a granulate is produced. This is melted into a spinning mass; by joining individual molecular building blocks into long chains (polymerisation), the fibre type is determined. The viscous spinning mass is pressed through spinnerets, solidifies and becomes a continuous fibre – in principle, all man-made fibres are created by this process.

Common properties

Synthetic fibres are hard-wearing and shape-retaining with low moisture absorption. Their drawbacks are heat sensitivity in washing and ironing, and electrostatic charging. Most properties are set in the spinning mass (colour, for example) or by the spinneret (surface structure); finishing can influence them further: an antistatic finish raises water absorption and electrical conductivity (no crackling, no clinging, dirt-repellent), heat-setting fixes thread or fabric in a stable position by heating (crease-resistant, shape-stable, shrink-proof – bra cups, for example), and texturing crimps the thread for stretchy, voluminous fabrics.

The fibres at a glance

• Polyamide – tear-resistant and elastic, the classic for hosiery and lingerie
• Polyester – hard-wearing and crease-resistant
• Elastane – highly elastic, ensures shape retention
• Polypropylene – especially light, transports moisture
• Polyacrylic – wool-like warmth and bulk

You will find all terms around fibres and materials in our Underwear Glossary.